Historical Data Reference List

Cement Europe. Key Facts & Figures. Available:

Eurostat. Sold production, exports and imports database: [23511210] Portland cement. Available:

Eurostat. Total production database: [23511100] Cement clinker. Available:

Eurostat. Sold production, exports and imports database: [23511100] Cement clinker. Available:

M. Rozsai et al. (2026): JRC-IDEES-2021. European Commission, Joint Research Centre [Dataset]. doi: 10.2905/JRC.V05PGY0. Available:

S. Pauliuk, R.L. Milford, D.B. Müller, J.M. Allwood. The steel scrap age. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2013 Apr 2;47(7):3448-54. doi: 10.1021/es303149z

ReportLinker. Industry Reports. Available:

B. Schäppi et al. Development of the cement clinker production under the EU ETS... German Environment Agency, 11/2024. doi: 10.60810/openumwelt-7635

VDZ, Hrsg. Zementindustrie im Überblick 2021/2022. Düsseldorf, 2021. Available:

Eurostat. Total production database: [20151075] Anhydrous ammonia. Available:

Eurostat. Total production database: [20141223] Benzene. Available:

Eurostat. Total production database: [20132111] Chlorine. Available:

Eurostat. Total production database: [20141130] Ethylene. Available:

Eurostat. Total production database: [20142210] Methanol (methyl alcohol). Available:

Eurostat. Total production database: [20141140] Propene (propylene). Available:

Eurostat. Total production database: [20163010] Polyvinyl chloride, not mixed with any other substances, in primary forms. Available:

Petrochemicals Europe. European Market Overview. Available:

Eurostat database. Available:

C. Egenhofer et al. Final report for a study on composition and drivers of energy prices and costs in energy intensive industries: The case of the flat glass industry. January 2014. Available:

Close the Glass Loop. Various publications. Available:

R. Geyer, J. Jambeck, K. Lavender Law. Production, use, and fate of all plastics ever made. Sci. Adv. 3, e1700782 (2017). doi:10.1126/sciadv.1700782

Glass Alliance Europe: Statistical Report 2024 - 2025, May 2026.

Glass for Europe. Key Figures of the Flat Glass Industry. Available:

L. Delgado Sancho et al. Best available techniques (BAT) reference document for the manufacture of glass... doi: 10.2791/70161

M. Rozsai et al. (2026): JRC-IDEES-2021. European Commission, Joint Research Centre [Dataset]. doi: 10.2905/JRC.V05PGY0. Available:

AluReport. Availability of Aluminium Scrap in Europa. Available:

CRU International Ltd: Opportunities for aluminium in a post-Covid economy, 28.01.2022

European Aluminium. A Strategy for the Long-Term Availability and Quality of Aluminium Scrap in Europe. Brussels, March 2, 2025 [Position paper]. Available:

Eurostat. Sold production, exports and imports database: [24421200] Aluminium oxide (excluding artificial corundum). Available:

Federation of Aluminium Consumers in Europe. The EU aluminium industry in a world in upheaval: key risks and opportunities [Presentation], December 2024. Available:

M. Rozsai et al. (2026): JRC-IDEES-2021. European Commission, Joint Research Centre [Dataset] doi: 10.2905/JRC.V05PGY0. Available:

ReportLinker. European Import of Aluminium by Country. Available:

SCRREEN2. Factsheets Updates Based on the EU Factsheets 2020: Aluminium and Bauxite, European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme, GA-No. 958211. Available:

A call to stop the leakage of copper and copper alloy scrap – a strategic raw material for a resilient and sustainable Europe [Position paper]. Available:

European Copper Institute. Copper - The Pathway to Net zero, Regional Focus: Europe. March 2023. Available:

International Copper Study Group. The World Copper Factbook 2025 and 2024. Available:

SCRREEN2. Factsheets Updates Based on the EU Factsheets 2020: Copper. European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme, GA-No. 958211. Available:

Eurostat. Circular material use rate by material type database. Available:

Eurostat. Material flow accounts database. Available:

R. Geyer, J. Jambeck, K. Lavender Law. Production, use, and fate of all plastics ever made. Sci. Adv. 3, e1700782 (2017). doi:10.1126/sciadv.1700782

Plastics Europe. The Circular Economy for Plastics – A European Analysis 2024, March 2024. Available:

Plastics Europe. Plastics – the Facts (2006–2023).

Eurostat. Packaging waste by waste management operations dataset. Available:

M. Rozsai et al. (2026): JRC-IDEES-2021. European Commission, Joint Research Centre [Dataset] doi: 10.2905/JRC.V05PGY0. Available:

Pulp & Paper Resources & Information Site. Country Wise Paper & Paperboard Production & Consumption Statistics. Available:

EUROFER. European Steel in Figures, 2025. Available:

Pauliuk S., Milford R.L., Müller D.B., Allwood J.M. The steel scrap age. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2013 Apr 2; 47(7): 3448-54. doi: 10.1021/es303149z

Worldsteel Association. Steel Statistical Yearbooks. Available:

WV Stahl. Statistisches Jahrbuch der Stahlindustrie 2024/2025.